{"id":31238,"date":"2025-04-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-13T03:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informatepy.com\/2024\/?p=31238"},"modified":"2025-04-12T18:33:57","modified_gmt":"2025-04-12T21:33:57","slug":"un-nuevo-21060-pero-con-esteroides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informatepy.com\/2024\/2025\/04\/13\/un-nuevo-21060-pero-con-esteroides\/","title":{"rendered":"Un nuevo 21060, pero con esteroides"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nac\u00ed el 31 de julio de 1980, catorce d\u00edas despu\u00e9s del golpe de Estado efectuado por el General Garc\u00eda Meza a la presidente boliviana Lidia Gueiler Tejada. Dos a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, 1982, de la mano de Hern\u00e1n Siles Suazo, se recuperaba la democracia tras casi dos d\u00e9cadas de gobiernos de facto. Sin embargo, hab\u00eda otro problema en puertas: la crisis econ\u00f3mica.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En su libro, Estabilidad y desarrollo, <\/em>Juan Cariaga (+) explica que la gesti\u00f3n de Siles Suazo prioriz\u00f3 la estabilidad democr\u00e1tica por encima de la gesti\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica. De hecho, la hiperinflaci\u00f3n, el crecimiento de la informalidad y el descontento popular forzaron al veterano pol\u00edtico a adelantar elecciones a un poco m\u00e1s de la mitad de su mandato.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antes de las elecciones de 1985, el General Banzer, preocupado por la situaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica de Bolivia, convoc\u00f3 a una serie de expertos para enfrentar la crisis en caso de ser elegido gobierno. Juan Cariaga fue uno de los economistas que hab\u00eda sostenido reuniones con Banzer.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

En esa elecci\u00f3n, el ADN, con el General como candidato, y el MNR, encabezado por el Dr. Paz, se situaron en primer y segundo lugar, la presidencia se resolver\u00eda en el congreso. Finalmente, con apoyo del MIR, el Dr. Paz ser\u00eda elegido presidente. \u00bfCu\u00e1l fue su primera medida? Reconocer que el plan econ\u00f3mico del ADN era mejor que el suyo para salvar a Bolivia. Seguidamente, invit\u00f3 a Cariaga a sumarse a su gabinete como miembro independiente. El equipo, que inclu\u00eda a Gonzalo S\u00e1nchez de Lozada, se reuni\u00f3 en secreto hasta terminar el plan de shock que salv\u00f3 al pa\u00eds de entrar en la inflaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s alta del mundo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En el diagn\u00f3stico de la situaci\u00f3n se encontr\u00f3 que la causa del problema era el d\u00e9ficit fiscal, pues las grandes empresas estatales eran todas deficitarias e ineficientes. Por ejemplo, Price Waterhouse determin\u00f3 que la COMIBOL podr\u00eda mantener su nivel de productividad con, tan s\u00f3lo, 5000 empleados; sin embargo, la empresa ten\u00eda 26500, cinco veces m\u00e1s de los necesarios. Del total de empleados, solo el 25% cumpl\u00eda labores operativas, el resto eran oficinistas y bur\u00f3cratas sin mayor peso en la empresa. Empero, el gobierno no sigui\u00f3 esas recomendaciones, sino que, contrariamente, subi\u00f3 el n\u00famero de empleados a 27600. Adem\u00e1s, las pulper\u00edas en COMIBOL representaban un porcentaje muy alto del costo de producci\u00f3n, cerca del 13%, y en YPFB los 8000 empleados recib\u00edan hasta 400 litros de gasolina como una forma de bonificaci\u00f3n mensual. En resumen, todo era un despilfarro que se intent\u00f3 arreglar con emisi\u00f3n monetaria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En este punto es necesario desmentir un mito: siempre se dijo que la COMIBOL manten\u00eda a Bolivia, pero, en realidad, era el ciudadano de a pie quien carg\u00f3 con toda la ineficiencia y derroche que gener\u00f3 la empresa. <\/em>Sucede que COMIBOL, como toda empresa estatal, era antiecon\u00f3mica y, en especial, inmoral.  <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Si bien, el plan de estabilizaci\u00f3n, que se resumi\u00f3 en el Decreto Supremo 21060, es una suma de medidas en temas tributarios, legales y presupuestarios bastante largos para explicar en un art\u00edculo, su filosof\u00eda se puede resumir en una frase del mismo Cariaga: \u00abTienes un peso, gastas un peso, tienes dos pesos, gastas dos pesos, y si no tienes nada, pues no gastas nada\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los efectos positivos de las reformas se sintieron en muy poco tiempo, incluso con una ca\u00edda de m\u00e1s del 50 por ciento en los precios del esta\u00f1o y crisis clim\u00e1tica, puesto que para 1987 el desempe\u00f1o de la econom\u00eda termin\u00f3 siendo positivo por primera vez en siete a\u00f1os, con un crecimiento del PIB del 2.5 por ciento. Adem\u00e1s, familias como la m\u00eda pudieron empezar a ahorrar en moneda extranjera y emprender negocios con mayor estabilidad. Analizando el programa de ajustes con cabeza fr\u00eda y, a la vez, con el coraz\u00f3n, la grandeza de V\u00edctor Paz y su equipo econ\u00f3mico salv\u00f3 la ni\u00f1ez de mi generaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No obstante, el 21060 tuvo un pecado: no termin\u00f3 de cerrar las puertas y ventanas para evitar que el derroche se vuelva a repetir, es decir, se perdi\u00f3 la oportunidad de dolarizar la econom\u00eda boliviana.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al respecto, Mauricio R\u00edos Garc\u00eda, en su art\u00edculo: A 35 a\u00f1os del 21060: la oportunidad perdida para dolarizar, <\/em>resalta:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Con el 21060 se cometi\u00f3 el grave error de no establecer la reforma m\u00e1s importante: se perdi\u00f3 la oportunidad de desnacionalizar<\/em> la moneda de manera definitiva al preservar la moneda nacional estableciendo su curso legal en manos del monopolio p\u00fablico de emisi\u00f3n monetaria que es el Banco Central de Bolivia. En otras palabras, no se estableci\u00f3 garant\u00eda alguna para que un cap\u00edtulo hiperinflacionario no volviera a ocurrir en el pa\u00eds. Esto es lo que constituye el pecado monetario del 21060. Luego de la estabilizaci\u00f3n simplemente se sustituy\u00f3 el nombre de la moneda nacional de \u00abpeso boliviano\u00bb con \u00abboliviano\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Parece incre\u00edble, pero, en pleno 2025, Bolivia est\u00e1 viviendo situaciones muy parecidas a las de los a\u00f1os 80. La cosa es tan similar, que los demagogos y mentirosos ofrecen las mismas falsas salidas: 100 d\u00edas (Samuel) y gradualismo (Tuto). Ambas, simplemente, ilusiones y charlataner\u00eda electoral. Las soluciones ya est\u00e1n escritas, y son las mismas de siempre: reducci\u00f3n del Gasto P\u00fablico, sacar al Estado del sector cambiario y financiero, cierre de empresas estatales y cortarle al gobierno la posibilidad de manipular el dinero<\/em>. Es decir, un 21060 mejorado con esteroides, en s\u00edntesis, con dolarizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nac\u00ed el 31 de julio de 1980, catorce d\u00edas despu\u00e9s del golpe de Estado efectuado por el General Garc\u00eda Meza a la presidente boliviana Lidia Gueiler Tejada. Dos a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, 1982, de la mano de Hern\u00e1n Siles Suazo, se recuperaba la democracia tras casi dos d\u00e9cadas de gobiernos de facto. Sin embargo, hab\u00eda otro problema […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":31239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"2","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":[],"jnews_food_recipe":[],"enable_food_recipe":"","food_recipe_title":"","food_recipe_description":"","food_recipe_serve":"","food_recipe_time":"","food_recipe_prep":"","food_recipe_level":"","food_recipe_keywords":"","food_recipe_category":"","food_recipe_cuisine":"","food_recipe_yield":"","food_recipe_calories":"","enable_print_recipe":"","ingredient":[],"instruction":"","jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_paywall_metabox":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"enable_post_split":"0","post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"jnews_podcast_option":[],"jnews_podcast_series":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[577,831],"jnews-series":[],"ppma_author":[1371],"class_list":["post-31238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analisis","tag-bolivia","tag-destacada"],"yoast_head":"\nUn nuevo 21060, pero con esteroides - Informate Py Creemos en la libertad de expresi\u00f3n y en la capacidad de la gente de reflexionar\u00a0por\u00a0si\u00a0misma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/informatepy.com\/2024\/2025\/04\/13\/un-nuevo-21060-pero-con-esteroides\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un nuevo 21060, pero con esteroides - Informate Py Creemos en la libertad de expresi\u00f3n y en la capacidad de la gente de reflexionar\u00a0por\u00a0si\u00a0misma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nac\u00ed el 31 de julio de 1980, catorce d\u00edas despu\u00e9s del golpe de Estado efectuado por el General Garc\u00eda Meza a la presidente boliviana Lidia Gueiler Tejada. 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