{"id":31048,"date":"2025-03-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-30T03:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informatepy.com\/2024\/?p=31048"},"modified":"2025-03-29T15:22:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T18:22:46","slug":"el-problema-con-el-tirano-benevolente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informatepy.com\/2024\/2025\/03\/30\/el-problema-con-el-tirano-benevolente\/","title":{"rendered":"El problema con el tirano benevolente"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

En 1979, Gordon Tullock, profesor de econom\u00eda y acad\u00e9mico de la Escuela de la elecci\u00f3n p\u00fablica, regal\u00f3 al mundo su libro: Los motivos del voto. <\/em>El trabajo, a pesar de su peque\u00f1a cantidad de hojas, desmonta muy bien los sofismas y falacias que sostienen las campa\u00f1as de marketing pol\u00edtico y del sistema educativo, veamos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El bur\u00f3crata noble y el malvado empresario: <\/em>se suele presentar a los empresarios como ego\u00edstas que, solamente, buscan su inter\u00e9s personal y, al mismo tiempo, al bur\u00f3crata como un ser noble con los sentimientos m\u00e1s sublimes para con su pr\u00f3jimo. Sin embargo, ambos son ego\u00edstas, la diferencia radica en los medios con los cuales se alcanza satisfacer los intereses personales. El hombre de negocios, necesariamente, tendr\u00e1 que hacer feliz al consumidor para poder conseguir sus objetivos pecuniarios, de ah\u00ed, la necesidad de identificar los gustos y preferencias de los clientes. Por su parte, el bur\u00f3crata satisface sus ego\u00edsmos usando el poder del aparato pol\u00edtico, por ejemplo, las coimas y mordidas para los permisos de construcci\u00f3n. El empresario lucra y el bur\u00f3crata se aprovecha del gasto p\u00fablico, cr\u00e9ame, es una enorme diferencia.   <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Las elecciones como mecanismos de alternancia de poder: <\/em>ligado al punto anterior, la educaci\u00f3n ha ense\u00f1ado a las personas a mirar a los bur\u00f3cratas de una manera id\u00edlica y rom\u00e1ntica, pero no como lo que realmente son: seres ego\u00edstas e imperfectos<\/em>, igual que cualquiera de nosotros. La consecuencia directa es que, en lugar de limitar el poder del Estado, usamos las elecciones para buscar bur\u00f3cratas perfectos y nobles. Obviamente, caemos en la trampa de quien ofrece m\u00e1s cosas \u00abgratis\u00bb, o quien me da m\u00e1s \u00abderechos\u00bb. Ergo<\/em>, no deber\u00eda sorprendernos que los pol\u00edticos puedan cambiar de banderines electorales y fetiches marketineros para cada proceso electoral, incluso para p\u00fablicos diferentes en la misma semana. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Las fallas del mercado: <\/em>las teor\u00edas econ\u00f3micas que apuntan a mostrar supuestos fallos en el mercado, por ejemplo, los monopolios, son, en realidad, pretextos para agrandar el poder y la esfera de acci\u00f3n de los bur\u00f3cratas. En el fondo, es un acto de superstici\u00f3n que convierte al bur\u00f3crata en un ser omnipotente, omnisciente y omnipresente. Adem\u00e1s, muchas de esas supuestas fallas tienen or\u00edgenes en leyes especiales y privilegios otorgados desde el poder, no en el mercado.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Sin embargo, hay una pregunta que nadie hace: \u00bfc\u00f3mo se financian todos esos privilegios?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00e1cil, con dinero privado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se empieza un programa de voracidad fiscal, pues los impuestos y regulaciones suben a l\u00edmites intolerables, incluso amenazando la propiedad privada, por ejemplo, las \u00abnacionalizaciones\u00bb y confiscaciones a nombre del \u00abinter\u00e9s nacional\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luego, especialmente, cuando se dan cuenta que subir impuestos no es muy popular, es hora de empezar a usar la maquina generadora de inflaci\u00f3n. De hecho, el Siglo XX pas\u00f3 a la historia como el siglo de la inflaci\u00f3n, ya que las burocracias, en una mirada cortoplacista, usaron la maquina de imprimir billetes para contentar a sus sectores allegados, en unas ocasiones con transferencias directas a sindicatos y empresarios, u otras, con depreciaciones de la moneda local frente a las divisas internacionales. Al respecto, Juan Ram\u00f3n Rallo, economista y especialista en temas monetarios, en su art\u00edculo: Devaluaci\u00f3n o ajuste interno: no es lo mismo<\/em>, explica que:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

La depreciaci\u00f3n puede ser en algunos casos un atajo antipol\u00edticos, pero un atajo que premia el rufi\u00e1n buscador de rentas y castiga al ingenioso servidor del consumidor. Nunca hacer las cosas bien ser\u00e1 equiparable a hacerlas de manera chapucera; y la depreciaci\u00f3n y dem\u00e1s salidas de pol\u00edticos cerriles son unas chapuzas que nos salen muy caras.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u00bfLas consecuencias?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sociedades quebradas, econom\u00edas en crisis y poblaciones padeciendo dificultades de todo tipo. En conclusi\u00f3n, la b\u00fasqueda del tirano benevolente tiene una externalidad muy cara: el sacrificio de la libertad en el altar del poder estatal.  <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En 1979, Gordon Tullock, profesor de econom\u00eda y acad\u00e9mico de la Escuela de la elecci\u00f3n p\u00fablica, regal\u00f3 al mundo su libro: Los motivos del voto. El trabajo, a pesar de su peque\u00f1a cantidad de hojas, desmonta muy bien los sofismas y falacias que sostienen las campa\u00f1as de marketing pol\u00edtico y del sistema educativo, veamos: El […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":31049,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"2","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":[],"jnews_food_recipe":[],"enable_food_recipe":"","food_recipe_title":"","food_recipe_description":"","food_recipe_serve":"","food_recipe_time":"","food_recipe_prep":"","food_recipe_level":"","food_recipe_keywords":"","food_recipe_category":"","food_recipe_cuisine":"","food_recipe_yield":"","food_recipe_calories":"","enable_print_recipe":"","ingredient":[],"instruction":"","jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_paywall_metabox":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"enable_post_split":"0","post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"jnews_podcast_option":[],"jnews_podcast_series":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[831],"jnews-series":[],"ppma_author":[1371],"class_list":["post-31048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analisis","tag-destacada"],"yoast_head":"\nEl problema con el tirano benevolente - Informate Py Creemos en la libertad de expresi\u00f3n y en la capacidad de la gente de reflexionar\u00a0por\u00a0si\u00a0misma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/informatepy.com\/2024\/2025\/03\/30\/el-problema-con-el-tirano-benevolente\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El problema con el tirano benevolente - Informate Py Creemos en la libertad de expresi\u00f3n y en la capacidad de la gente de reflexionar\u00a0por\u00a0si\u00a0misma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En 1979, Gordon Tullock, profesor de econom\u00eda y acad\u00e9mico de la Escuela de la elecci\u00f3n p\u00fablica, regal\u00f3 al mundo su libro: Los motivos del voto. 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