{"id":28965,"date":"2024-12-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-15T03:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informatepy.com\/2024\/?p=28965"},"modified":"2024-12-14T17:12:36","modified_gmt":"2024-12-14T20:12:36","slug":"tres-anos-de-relaciones-diplomaticas-entre-nicaragua-y-china-precario-balance-economico-y-geopolitico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informatepy.com\/2024\/2024\/12\/15\/tres-anos-de-relaciones-diplomaticas-entre-nicaragua-y-china-precario-balance-economico-y-geopolitico\/","title":{"rendered":"Tres a\u00f1os de relaciones diplom\u00e1ticas entre Nicaragua y China: precario balance econ\u00f3mico y geopol\u00edtico"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

El 9 de diciembre de 2021, el r\u00e9gimen de Daniel Ortega <\/strong>anunci\u00f3 la ruptura de relaciones diplom\u00e1ticas con Taiw\u00e1n<\/strong>, y al d\u00eda siguiente, en Pek\u00edn<\/strong>, el hijo del matrimonio dictatorial, Laureano Ortega Murillo<\/strong> firm\u00f3 la reanudaci\u00f3n de relaciones de Nicaragua <\/strong>con la Rep\u00fablica Popular de China.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tres a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, este cambio de alianzas ha tenido poco impacto significativo en los \u00e1mbitos econ\u00f3mico y geopol\u00edtico de Nicaragua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En tres a\u00f1os la promesa del r\u00e9gimen de un \u201cmilagro econ\u00f3mico\u201d<\/strong><\/em> derivado de las relaciones con China no se ha materializado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seg\u00fan el Dr. Evan Ellis<\/em><\/strong>, investigador del Instituto de Estudios Estrat\u00e9gicos del U.S. Army War College<\/strong>, las exportaciones nicarag\u00fcenses a China han crecido, pero representan apenas el 1.6% del total de exportaciones del pa\u00eds, alcanzando los 50 millones de d\u00f3lares anuales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En contraste, las importaciones desde China han aumentado considerablemente, superando las exportaciones nicarag\u00fcenses 75 veces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este desequilibrio ha llevado a una invasi\u00f3n de productos chinos y la proliferaci\u00f3n de comercios como \u201cChina Mall\u201d y \u201cChina Bazar\u201d, lo que ha desplazado a comerciantes locales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEl tratado de libre comercio con China, que entr\u00f3 en vigencia el 1 de enero, se ha vendido como una panacea, pero la realidad es que los empresarios nicarag\u00fcenses son quienes m\u00e1s han sufrido\u201d,<\/em><\/strong> explic\u00f3\u00a0Ellis, en una entrevista con el periodista Carlos Fernando Chamorro del medio nicarag\u00fcense Confidencial.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s, destac\u00f3 que el r\u00e9gimen ha facilitado condiciones favorables para las empresas chinas, como la expansi\u00f3n de supermercados y tiendas con capital extranjero, mientras las peque\u00f1as empresas locales pierden terreno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e9stamos y proyectos cuestionables<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Uno de los aspectos m\u00e1s pol\u00e9micos de la relaci\u00f3n con China ha sido la contrataci\u00f3n de pr\u00e9stamos onerosos para proyectos de infraestructura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ellis indic\u00f3 que Nicaragua ha comprometido cerca de 1,000 millones de d\u00f3lares en pr\u00e9stamos a tasas de inter\u00e9s de hasta el 10%, una cifra que calific\u00f3 como \u201cextremadamente alta incluso en comparaci\u00f3n con otros pa\u00edses como Ecuador o Venezuela\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s, denunci\u00f3 la falta de transparencia en estos acuerdos, donde las empresas chinas reciben un pago adelantado del 20% antes de iniciar cualquier obra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre los proyectos destacados se encuentra la ampliaci\u00f3n del puerto de Corinto, con un costo estimado de 400 millones de d\u00f3lares, y el aeropuerto internacional en Punta Huete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estos proyectos no solo requieren un financiamiento elevado, sino que, seg\u00fan Ellis, sus beneficios econ\u00f3micos son cuestionables. \u201cParecen m\u00e1s destinados a beneficios estrat\u00e9gicos para China que a las necesidades reales de Nicaragua,\u201d<\/em><\/strong> afirm\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otro proyecto controversial es la construcci\u00f3n de carreteras y obras anexas en la zona del Pac\u00edfico, financiadas parcialmente con estos pr\u00e9stamos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ellis se\u00f1al\u00f3 que las altas tasas de inter\u00e9s, combinadas con la exigencia de prepagos y la falta de transparencia en la ejecuci\u00f3n, aumentan significativamente los riesgos financieros para Nicaragua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLos t\u00e9rminos de estos acuerdos son extremadamente desventajosos, lo que pone en peligro la sostenibilidad econ\u00f3mica del pa\u00eds,\u201d<\/em><\/strong> agreg\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comparaciones con Taiw\u00e1n y el mercado estadounidense<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Antes de la ruptura, Taiw\u00e1n representaba un aliado clave para Nicaragua, proporcionando ayudas directas y acceso a su mercado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desde entonces, el pa\u00eds ha perdido cerca de 1,000 millones de d\u00f3lares en intercambios comerciales con Taiw\u00e1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ellis tambi\u00e9n enfatiz\u00f3 la dependencia de Nicaragua del mercado estadounidense, que absorbe el 38.5% de sus exportaciones gracias al tratado de libre comercio CAFTA-DR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEs impensable que China pueda sustituir el mercado norteamericano,\u201d <\/em><\/strong>se\u00f1al\u00f3 Ellis. Con exportaciones hacia Estados Unidos que alcanzan los 1,430 millones de d\u00f3lares, la relaci\u00f3n comercial con el gigante asi\u00e1tico resulta insignificante en comparaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s, Ellis advirti\u00f3 que el alineamiento con China y Rusia podr\u00eda poner en peligro las ventajas del CAFTA-DR, especialmente ante una administraci\u00f3n estadounidense m\u00e1s hostil hacia el r\u00e9gimen de Ortega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El resurgimiento del Canal Interoce\u00e1nico<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ortega tambi\u00e9n ha resucitado el proyecto del Canal Interoce\u00e1nico, ahora con una nueva ruta y la promesa de involucrar a empresas chinas. Sin embargo, Ellis calific\u00f3 esta iniciativa como \u201cirrealizable\u201d debido a la falta de estudios de viabilidad y la magnitud de la inversi\u00f3n necesaria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cEl primer proyecto canalero fue una estafa y este nuevo canal parece a\u00fan menos factible. No hay inversores dispuestos a financiar una obra de esta envergadura en un pa\u00eds con tantas incertidumbres econ\u00f3micas y pol\u00edticas,\u201d asegur\u00f3 Ellis.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

El costo estimado del canal, que podr\u00eda superar los 40,000 millones de d\u00f3lares, lo convierte en un proyecto extremadamente inviable para la econom\u00eda de Nicaragua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s, Ellis sugiri\u00f3 que algunos anuncios podr\u00edan ser utilizados para justificar otros proyectos con beneficios estrat\u00e9gicos para China y su red de pa\u00edses aliados, con menor impacto o beneficio para Nicaragua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por ejemplo, obras relacionadas con el corredor entre Corinto y Bluefields podr\u00edan ser m\u00e1s factibles y \u00fatiles para los intereses chinos de mover su mercader\u00eda que el propio canal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusi\u00f3n: Una alianza desigual<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ellis concluy\u00f3 que la relaci\u00f3n entre Nicaragua y China est\u00e1 marcada por una clara desigualdad, donde el r\u00e9gimen de Ortega ha cedido ventajas significativas a las empresas chinas en detrimento de la econom\u00eda nacional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mientras tanto, los nicarag\u00fcenses enfrentan mayores dificultades econ\u00f3micas y una creciente dependencia de un socio que prioriza sus propios intereses estrat\u00e9gicos y comerciales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLos grandes beneficiados de esta relaci\u00f3n son China y las elites cercanas al r\u00e9gimen, mientras que el pueblo nicarag\u00fcense es quien paga el precio,\u201d<\/em><\/strong> concluy\u00f3 Ellis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Centro Am\u00e9rica 360<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El 9 de diciembre de 2021, el r\u00e9gimen de Daniel Ortega anunci\u00f3 la ruptura de relaciones diplom\u00e1ticas con Taiw\u00e1n, y al d\u00eda siguiente, en Pek\u00edn, el hijo del matrimonio dictatorial, Laureano Ortega Murillo firm\u00f3 la reanudaci\u00f3n de relaciones de Nicaragua con la Rep\u00fablica Popular de China. Tres a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, este cambio de alianzas ha tenido […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"2","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":[],"jnews_food_recipe":[],"enable_food_recipe":"","food_recipe_title":"","food_recipe_description":"","food_recipe_serve":"","food_recipe_time":"","food_recipe_prep":"","food_recipe_level":"","food_recipe_keywords":"","food_recipe_category":"","food_recipe_cuisine":"","food_recipe_yield":"","food_recipe_calories":"","enable_print_recipe":"","ingredient":[],"instruction":"","jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_paywall_metabox":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"enable_post_split":"0","post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"jnews_podcast_option":[],"jnews_podcast_series":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[207,831,1172,689],"jnews-series":[],"ppma_author":[830],"class_list":["post-28965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analisis","tag-china","tag-destacada","tag-nicaragua","tag-taiwan"],"yoast_head":"\nTres a\u00f1os de relaciones diplom\u00e1ticas entre Nicaragua y China: precario balance econ\u00f3mico y geopol\u00edtico - Informate Py Creemos en la libertad de expresi\u00f3n y en la capacidad de la gente de reflexionar\u00a0por\u00a0si\u00a0misma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/informatepy.com\/2024\/2024\/12\/15\/tres-anos-de-relaciones-diplomaticas-entre-nicaragua-y-china-precario-balance-economico-y-geopolitico\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tres a\u00f1os de relaciones diplom\u00e1ticas entre Nicaragua y China: precario balance econ\u00f3mico y geopol\u00edtico - Informate Py Creemos en la libertad de expresi\u00f3n y en la capacidad de la gente de reflexionar\u00a0por\u00a0si\u00a0misma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El 9 de diciembre de 2021, el r\u00e9gimen de Daniel Ortega anunci\u00f3 la ruptura de relaciones diplom\u00e1ticas con Taiw\u00e1n, y al d\u00eda siguiente, en Pek\u00edn, el hijo del matrimonio dictatorial, Laureano Ortega Murillo firm\u00f3 la reanudaci\u00f3n de relaciones de Nicaragua con la Rep\u00fablica Popular de China. 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